Abstract: An in-depth process mineralogical analysis of a carbonaceous gold ore was conducted, identifying key factors affecting beneficiation efficiency. With the beneficiation tests, the grinding fineness was successfully reduced, and an efficient carbon inhibitor was selected, effectively mitigating the interference of organic carbon in the gold flotation process. Under the condition of a raw ore gold grade of 1.84 g/t, the whole-process closed-circuit test achieved outstanding indices with a gold concentrate grade of 37.81 g/t and a gold recovery rate of 91.20%. Based on the small-scale test results, industrial-scale trials were conducted to optimize process parameters, including grinding fineness and reagent regime. The test results demonstrated significant improvements in production indices, with the weighted average gold grade in the concentrate increasing from 24.31 g/t to 40.25 g/t and the weighted average gold recovery rate rising from 88.02% to 91.42%. Moreover, the reduction in grinding fineness substantially lowered production costs.